What is Freon? A Complete Homeowners Guide

Freon is a critical part of your air conditioning system. It dates all the way back to 1928, making it one of the earliest types of refrigerants that are still in use today. Considering its significance, it’s a good idea for homeowners to understand exactly what it is and how it works.

What Is Freon?

Freon, owned by Chemours, is a brand name for a group of HVAC refrigerant types for air conditioning systems. One common type, which also goes by HCFC-22 or R-22, was once in wide use for cooling. Due to its harmful effects on the ozone layer, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency banned its production and importation as of Jan. 1, 2020.

How Refrigerant Works in Your HVAC System

R-22 runs in four stages in your AC: compression, condensation, expansion, and evaporation. It constantly changes states between a vapor and a liquid. During the compression stage, it transforms from a low-pressure, low-temperature vapor to a high-pressure, high-temperature vapor. During the next stage, which is condensation, it then becomes a high-pressure liquid. In the expansion stage, it becomes a combination of a liquid and a cold, low-temperature, low-pressure vapor.

In the final step, evaporation, it becomes a low-pressure vapor. This is when the cold mixture goes through the evaporator coil. It absorbs the heat from your indoor air, at which point it turns into vapor. You’ll then feel the effects in the form of cold air blowing through the vents of your air conditioning system.

What You Need to Know About AC Refrigerant Phase-Outs

The EPA is responsible for phasing out older, harmful refrigerants in favor of more eco-friendly options. It’s been a massive undertaking, one that started back in 2010 and won’t be complete until at least 2030. The EPA has been performing the task in several stages.

The R-22 Phase-Out

The initial ban for the production and import of HCFC-22 and HCFC-142B, as well as blends, went into effect on Jan. 1, 2010. The distribution and sale of air conditioners and refrigerators using them were also banned. As of Jan. 1, 2020, the ban on remaining imports and production went into effect. You can still use the existing stock of these refrigerants.

The R-410A Phase-Out

R-410A, another type of AC refrigerant, is an alternative to R-22, and it doesn’t deplete the ozone layer. However, it’s a strong greenhouse gas, so it’s part of the multi-year phase-out ban. This ban went into effect on Jan. 1, 2025, which means manufacturers can’t import or produce systems that use it. Similar to the rule for R-22, it’s legal to still operate systems that use R-410A. Additionally, technicians can still use existing stock if you need an AC refrigerant replacement.

New Refrigerants Replacing 410-A

So, now that R-22 and R-410A are (mostly) out, what are technicians supposed to use? R-454B and R-32 are in. They’re energy efficient, have a lower global warming potential (GWP), and don’t deplete the ozone layer, so they have less of a negative impact on the environment.

What Freon Phase-Outs Mean for Your AC

The phase-outs mean that, if your system uses any of the banned HVAC refrigerant types, you’re looking at higher repair costs. This is because these substances are in short supply. Depending on the situation at the time, the limited availability may also mean your system might take longer to repair. This could be particularly dangerous and uncomfortable on hot, humid days.

When to Replace Your Air Conditioner

Central air conditioners generally last between 15 and 20 years. However, there are several factors that affect longevity, including usage habits and frequency of maintenance. Some homeowners take a proactive approach, replacing their aging HVAC systems before they experience significant problems or break down. Others hold off until their systems fail completely. Some also wait until the repair costs become too steep, and replacing it makes more financial sense.

If you are putting your house up for sale, you may want to consider replacing your central AC, depending on the circumstances. If it’s broken or old, it could be beneficial to upgrade it. Potential homebuyers may see it as a much-appreciated perk that gives them one less task to worry about doing after they move in.

Benefits of Upgrading to ACs With New Refrigerants

There are many benefits of upgrading to a new AC. Repairing systems with banned refrigerants can be expensive if you experience an issue like a refrigerant leak. With a new system, you likely won’t experience AC problems for several years. Additionally, you can also feel good knowing you’re doing your part to help the environment by opting for a more eco-friendly system. This enhanced energy efficiency can help you keep utility costs to a minimum.

You’ll be able to enjoy many other benefits when you upgrade to a new air conditioner.

• Cool, consistent temperatures
• Enhanced safety
• Better indoor air quality
• Quieter operation
• Boosted property value
• Improved comfort
• Peace of mind

If you’re unsure which type of central air conditioning would be best for your home, we can help. Our technicians are AC experts, so you can trust that we’ll help you find the ideal solution.

Trust Polk AC & Heating for AC Replacement & Repair in Lakeland, FL

Polk Air Conditioning & Heating in Central Florida is a locally owned and operated company that’s been serving clients since 1983. Our NATE-certified technicians deliver exceptional service, providing installations, repairs, maintenance, and inspections throughout numerous communities. As part of our commitment to fantastic customer support, we offer transparent pricing and a guarantee on parts and labor. We also offer financing on approved credit.

Contact Polk Air Conditioning & Heating in Lakeland today for more information.